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Solar panel angles in Pakistan

Optimal fixed-panel tilt and orientation for 8 cities in Pakistan, computed from solar geometry.

CityLatitudeOptimal tiltFacingFlat roof keeps
Lahore 31.56°N 28° south 91%
Karachi 24.86°N 22° south 94%
Peshawar 34.01°N 30° south 89%
Faisalabad 31.42°N 28° south 91%
Rawalpindi 33.60°N 30° south 89%
Gujranwala 32.16°N 28° south 90%
Multan 30.20°N 27° south 91%
Hyderabad 25.40°N 22° south 94%

How these angles are calculated